
軟體確效
- 什麼是軟體確效:
按照 ISO 13485 品質管理系統,與軟體確效有關的條文包含以下三點:
4.1.6
The organization shall document procedures for the validation of the application of computer software used in the quality management system. Such software applications shall be validated prior to initial use and, as appropriate, after changes to such software or its application. The specific approach and activities associated with software validation and revalidation shall be proportionate to the risk associated with the use of the software. Records of such activities shall be maintained
7.5.6
The organization shall document procedures for the validation of the application of computer software used in production and service provision. Such software applications shall be validated prior to initial use and, as appropriate, after changes to such software or its application. The specific approach and activities associated with software validation and revalidation shall be proportionate to the risk associated with the use of the software, including the effect on the ability of the product to conform to specifications. Records of the results and conclusion of validation and necessary actions from the validation shall be maintained.
7.6
The organization shall document procedures for the validation of the application of computer software used for the monitoring and measurement of requirements. Such software applications shall be validated prior to initial use and, as appropriate, after changes to such software or its application. The specific approach and activities associated with software validation and revalidation shall be proportionate to the risk associated with the use of the software, including the effect on the ability of the product to conform to specifications. Records of the results and conclusion of validation and necessary actions from the validation shall be maintained.
從條文的內容來看,我們了解到要考量軟體確效的範圍包含:品質管理系統中的軟體、有軟體的生產設備、有軟體的量測儀器
- 與軟體確效有關的國際標準:
除了ISO 13485:2016-Quality management systems以外,我們再執行軟體確效時,通常還有兩個條文可以參考:
- ISO 13485:2016-Medical devices-A Practical Guide
- ISO/TR 80002-2-Medical Device Software – Part2:Validation of Software for Medical Device Quality Systems
- 我們該如何執行軟體確效:
總體來說,執行軟體確效的時候我們可以依據以下這五個步驟建立我們公司內部的軟體確效流程。
識別軟體:依據ISO 13485:2016的條文,識別公司內與醫療器材相關的軟體。
建立風險思維:依據軟體的風險性,規劃軟體確效的方式、方法…等其他的適當措施。
規劃軟體確效計畫:確定軟體確效的範圍、方法、和允收標準。
執行軟體確效:依據軟體確效執行,並留有紀錄可供佐證。
建立再確效機制:規劃合適的再確效頻率,並確實際融入品質管理系統流程中執行。
製程確效
- 什麼是製程確效:
按照 ISO 13485 品質管理系統,與製程確效有關的條文為:
7.5.6 Validation of processes for production and service provision
The organization shall validate any processes for production and service provision where the resulting output cannot be or is not verified by subsequent monitoring or measurement and, as a consequence, deficiencies become apparent only after the product is in use or the service has been delivered. Validation shall demonstrate the ability of these processes to achieve planned results consistently. The organization shall document procedures for validation of processes, including:
a) defined criteria for review and approval of the processes;
b) equipment qualification and qualification of personnel;
c) use of specific methods, procedures and acceptance criteria;
d) as appropriate, statistical techniques with rationale for sample sizes;
e) requirements for records (see 4.2.5);
f) revalidation, including criteria for revalidation;
g) approval of changes to the processes.
按照條文的內容所謂的製程確效,可以定義為在提供產品或服務的流程中,因此,製程確效的目的在於確保這些過程能穩定地達到計劃的結果。
通常可以考慮以下兩點,評估需要進行確效的項目:
- 應考慮是否可以通過後續的監控或測量來確認。
- 應考慮確效是否足以消除不可接受的風險並能適當地控制過程
- 與製程確效有關的國際標準:
除了 ISO 13485:2016-Quality management systems 以外,我們再執行製程確效時,通常還有兩個條文可以參考:
- ISO 13485:2016-Medical devices-A Practical Guide
- GHTF/SG3/N99-10-Quality Management Systems – Process Validation Guidance
- 我們該如何執行製程確效:
製程確效在執行時,按照國際標準給出的方向,我們可以考慮以下幾個步驟:
- 製程確效識別:確認廠內需要執行製程確效的步驟。
- 規劃製程確效計劃:通常可以考量幾個項目包含,確效項目、人員資格、使用設備儀器、確效流程、方法、允收標準、統計分析及抽樣標準…等。
- 3Q確效:在執行製程確效前,我們需要先針對設備進行安裝、操作、性能的確效。
- 完成製程確效報告:依據確效計劃執行並記錄。
- 規劃監控方式:將確效的結果,規劃為流程中的監控項目,以確保產品在生產過程中流程可以受到監控。
- 再確效的規劃規劃合適的再確效頻率,並確實際融入品質管理系統流程中執行。
透過上面的內容,大致上可以了解在醫療器材品質管理運行的過程當中,軟體確效跟製程確效執行上的基本概念,但在實際執行時,大家另外一個最大的疑惑就是軟體確效與製程確效有什麼不一樣?簡單來說,軟體確效我們可以把他想程是針對設施或設備的能力的確認,確認可以達到我們預期的功能與性能,而製程確效則是當我們在生產的流程中,關鍵參數的確認,就好比我們今天在家裡烤麵包,要如何才能烤出大家心目中美味的結果,就需要針對時間與溫度去做控制,而所謂合適的時間與溫度變是透過製程確效來尋找出來的。
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